СОЛТҮСТІК-ШЫҒЫС КАСПИЙ МАҢЫ ҚОЛА ДӘУІРІНІҢ ЕСКЕРТКІШТЕРІН ЗЕРТТЕУ ТАРИХЫ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2020.4.10.47.69Түйін сөздер:
археология, Солтүстік-Шығыс Каспий маңы, Орта Азия, Орал, Еділ бойы, қола дәуірі, қоныс, Тоқсанбай, Айтман, тарихнама, палеометал дәуірі, обаАннотация (түйіндеме)
Мақалада Үстірт қыраты аумағындағы ежелгі тарих ескерткіштерін зерттеудің безендірілген мәліметтері келтірілген. Үстірт қыраты туралы айтылған алғашқы жазба деректерден оның жан-жақты зерттелуіне дейін мың жылдам астам уақыт өтті. ХХ ғ. ортасына дейін жүргізілген ғылыми зерттеулерде, ең алдымен геология, климат және топырақ зерттеулері қарастырылған. Тікелей археологиялық зерттеулер Ұлы Отан соғысынан кейін басталды. ХХ ғ. екінші жартысы археологиялық ескерткіштерді, оның ішінде Каспий маңының энеолит–қола дәуірін зерттеудің анықтаушыкезеңі болды. XXI ғ. басы қола дәуірінің ескерткіштерін зерттеудің – Тоқсанбай және Айтман қоныстарын зерттеудің жаңа айналымы болып табылады. Ә. Х. Марғұлан атындағы Археология институтының З. Самашев басқарған және А. С. Ермолаева қатысқан Батыс Қазақстан археологиялық экспедициясы осы дәуірдің археологиялық материалдарының жинақталуына бастама болды. Зерттеу аралас пәндер: топырақтану, палинология, зоология, трасология, керамология және т.б. мамандарды тарту арқылы кешенді жүргізілді. Ғылымда өңірдің тарихи өткенін көрсететін, энеолит–қола дәуірінде аумақты белсенді түрде игеру жүрген археологиялық жағынан болашағы бар аудан ашылды.
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