SIGNS OF IDENTITY (TAMGA) AND MONUMENTS OF TAMGA USE IN KAZAKHSTAN: ANTIQUITY, MIDDLE AGES AND MODERN TIMES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2019.3.5.99.121Keywords:
archaeology, Kazakhstan, tamga, signs of identity, Turkic era, Ashina, Oguzes, KazakhsAbstract
This paper provides description of various groups of archeological monuments of Kazakhstan connected with symbolic images – tamga. The typology of immovable and portable monuments having these signs, as well as definitions of the concepts of “tamga” and “tamga use” are provided. There are considered groups of signs of the Turkic epoch (VI – beginning of the X c.), which can be identified as tamgas of the ruling elite of nomads and tribal tamgas. The use of special signs of identity (tamga) as a marker of the group identity of individuals had originated in the Bronze Age, was widely spread in the late antique period, flourished in the early Middle Ages, was preserved in the Modern Age and has survived in a modified form to this day. We suppose that tamga use was initiated by political and social elites, who introduced this practice to protect corporate interests and supported it at all levels of public relations.
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