Turkic fences of Zhanazhurt
(Central Kazakhstan)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2024.2.24.223.235Keywords:
early Middle Ages, Turks, history of study, memorial complexAbstract
The study of memorial and ritual complexes is one of the important directions of Turkic problems. It is especially prioritized for the Central Kazakhstan region. Here, only the aspect connected with the statuary tradition is the most elaborated. The studies of monuments of the early Middle Ages for a long time had not a comprehensive character. They were rather few in number, especially against the background of the amount of work on complexes of other historical periods. During the last decade the works on Turkic fences have increased. This actualizes some generalization of the history of their study, implemented within the framework of this article. As a result, at the moment we have data on at least 34 constructions. The materials of the Zhanazhurt complex, where two freestanding quadrangular fences were excavated, are also being introduced into the scientific turnover. As for the purpose of the Turkic fences, based on written sources, as well as the results of field work, we can speak about their mainly memorial purpose. In fact, they are highly simplified and reduced analog of the Kagan-princely complexes of Mongolia. Taking into account the largely debatable nature of the chronological correlation of various types of fences, we consider it possible at the moment to date them in a wide time range within the second half of the 6th–8th/9th centuries.
References
Arheologiya SSSR (Archaeology of USSR). 1981. T. 18. Stepi Evrazii v epohu srednevekoviya (Vol. 18. Steppes of Eurasia in the Middle Ages). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Baitanayev, B. A., Akhatov, G. A., Kazizov, E. S. 2014. In: Baipakov, K. M. (ed.). Voshozhdenie k vershinam arheologii (Climbing to the heights of archaeology). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology, 659-668 (in Russian).
Beisenov, A. Z. 2017. In: Beisenov, A. Z., Loman, V. G. (eds.) Arheologicheskoe nasledie Tsentralnogo Kazahstana: izuchenie i sohranenie (Archaeological heritage of Central Kazakhstan: study and preservation). In 2 vol. Vol. 2. Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology; “Begazy-Tasmola” Publ., 31-37 (in Russian).
Beisenov, A. Z., Khassenova, B. M., Akhiyarov, I. K., Duisenbay, D. B. 2018. In: Vestnik Dagestanskogo nauchnogo centra (Bulletin of the Dagestan Scientific Center), 71, 64-76 (in Russian).
Bichurin, N. Y. 1950. Sobranie svedenii o narodah, obitavshih v Srednei Azii v drevnie vremena (Collection of information about the peoples who lived in Central Asia in ancient times). Vol. 1. Moscow; Leningrad: USSR Academy of sciences (in Russian).
Vasyutin, A. S. 2009. In: Teorija i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij (Theory and practice of archaeological research), 5, 87-94 (in Russian).
Voitov, V.E. 1996. Drevnetyurkskiy panteon i model mirozdaniya v kultovo-pominalnykh pamyatnikah Mongolii VI–VIII vv. (The ancient Turkic pantheon and the model of the universe in the cult and memorial monuments of Mongolia in the 6th–8th centuries.). Moscow: State Museum of Oriental Art (in Russian).
Gavrilova, A. A. 1965. Mogilnik Kudyrge kak istochnik po istorii altayskih plemen (Kudyrge burial ground as a source on the history of Altai tribes). Moscow; Leningrad: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Gorbunov, V. V., Tishkin, A. A., Jerdjenjebaatar, D. 2007. In: Teorija i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij (Theory and practice of archaeological research), 3, 62-68 (in Russian).
Grushin, S. P., Merts, I. V., Merts, V. K. 2024. In: Tishkin, A. A. (ed.). Sohranenie i izuchenie kulturnogo naslediya Altaiskogo kraya (Preservation and study of the cultural heritage of the Altai Territory), 30, 152-160 (in Russian).
Dmitriev, E. A., Zhusupov, D. S. 2018. In: Teorija i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij (Theory and practice of archaeological research), 1 (21), 144-154 (in Russian).
Dmitriev, E. A., Kukushkin, A. I. 2023. In: Kazahstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan archeology), 3 (21), 125-135 (in Russian).
Dmitriev, E. A., Kukushkin, A. I., Kukushkin, I. A. 2020. In: Kazahstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan archeology), 2, 36-50 (in Russian).
Dosymbayeva, A., Nuskabay, A. 2012. Tyurkskiy arheologo-etnograficheskiy kompleks Kumay (Turkic archaeological-ethnographic complex Kumai). Astana: “Service Press” Publ. (in Russian).
Ermolenko, L. N. 2004. Srednevekovye kamennye izvayaniya kazahstanskih stepey (tipologiya, semantika v aspekte voennoy ideologii i traditsionnogo mirovozzreniya) (Medieval stone sculptures of the Kazakh steppes (typology, semantics in the aspect of military ideology and traditional worldview)). Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the SB RAS (in Russian).
Ermolenko, L. N., Evdokimov, V. V. 2013. In: Loman, V. G. (ed.). Arheologicheskie issledovaniya stepnoy Evrazii (Archaeological studies of steppe Eurasia). Karaganda: TENGRI Ltd Publ., 201-208 (in Russian).
Zakharov, A. A. 1926. In: Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeja (Proceedings of the State Historical Museum), 1, 71-106 (in Russian).
Idjerhangaj, T. O., Seregin, N. N. 2022. In: Narody i religii Evrazii (Nations and religions of Eurasia), 2, 28-38 (in Russian).
Its, R. F. 1958. In: Sovetskaya etnografiya (Soviet ethnography), 2, 100–103 (in Russian).
Kasenova, A. D. 2019. In: Povolzhskaya arheologiya (The Volga river region archaeology), 2 (28), 47-60 (in Russian).
Kasenova, A. D. 2020. Kamennye izvajanija Saryarki (istorija izuchenija) (Stone sculptures of Saryarka (history of study)). Almaty: “Al'faprint” Publ. (in Russian).
Kubarev, V. D. 1984. Drevnetjurkskie izvajanija Altaja (Ancient Turkic sculptures of Altai). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Kubarev, V. D. 1979. In: Pogozheva, A. P. (ed.). Novoe v arheologii Sibiri i Dalnego Vostoka (New in the archaeology of Siberia and the Far East). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ., 135-160 (in Russian).
Kubarev, G. V. 2005. Kultura drevnih tjurok Altaja (po materialam pogrebalnyh pamjatnikov) (Culture of the ancient Turks of Altai (based on materials from funeral monuments)). Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the SB RAS Publ. (in Russian).
Kukushkin, I. A., Dmitriev, E. A., Kukushkin, A. I. 2019. In: Bazarov, B. V., Kradin, N. N. (eds.). Kochevye imperii Evrazii v svete arheologicheskih i mezhdisciplinarnyh issledovanij (Nomadic empires of Eurasia in the light of archaeological and interdisciplinary research). Book 1. Ulan-Ude: Buryat Scientific Center of the SB RAS, 135-137 (in Russian).
Kyzlasov, L. R. 1951. In: Izvestija Akademii nauk KazSSR. Serija arheologicheskaja (News of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Archaeological series), 3 (108), 53-63 (in Russian).
Margulan, A. K. 2003. Sochinenija (Petroglify Saryarki. Gravjury s izobrazheniem volchiego totema. Kamennye izvajanija Ulytau) (Petroglyphs of Saryarka. Engravings depicting a wolf totem. Stone sculptures of Ulytau). Vol. 3-4. Almaty: “Dajk-Press” Publ. (in Russian).
Matrenin, S. S., Sarafanov, D. E. 2006. In: Soenov, V. I., Ojnoshev, V. P. (eds.). Izuchenie istoriko-kulturnogo nasledija narodov Juzhnoj Sibiri (Studying the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of Southern Siberia), 3-4. Gorno-Altajsk: Agency for Cultural and Historical Heritage of the Altai Republic, 203-218 (in Russian).
Merts, V. K., Merts, I. V., Demidkova, E. D. 2020. In: Baitanayev, B. A. (ed.). Margulanovskie chtenija–2020 (Margulan Readings–2020). In 2 vol. Vol. 2. Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology, 483-497 (in Russian).
Mogilnikov, V. A. 1992. In: Materialy k izucheniju proshlogo Gornogo Altaja (Materials for studying the past of Altai Mountain). Gorno-Altajsk: Altai Mountain Research Institute of History, Language and Literature, 175-212 (in Russian).
Peresvetov, G. Y. 2015. In: Drevnie kultury Severnogo Kitaja, Mongolii i Bajkalskoj Sibiri (Ancient cultures of Northern China, Mongolia and Baikal Siberia). Vol. 2. Huh-Hoto, 634-642 (in Russian).
Samashev, Z. 2022. In: Teorija i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij (Theory and practice of archaeological research), 4 (34), 163-190 (in Russian).
Seregin, N. N., Shelepova, E. V. 2015. Tjurkskie ritualnye kompleksy Altaja (2-ya polovina I tys. n.e.): sistematizaciya, analiz, interpretatsiya (Turkic ritual com- plexes of Altai (2nd half of the 1st millennium BC): systematization, analysis, interpretation). Barnaul: “AZBUKA” Publ. (in Russian).
Seregin, N. N., Vasyutin, S. A. 2019a. In: Narody i religii Evrazii (Nations and religions of Eurasia), 1 (18), 37-49 (in Russian).
Seregin, N. N., Vasyutin, S. A. 2019b. In: Povolzhskaya arheologiya (The Volga river region archaeology), 2 (28), 32-46 (in Russian).
Tishkin, A. A., Seregin, N. N. 2013. In: Teorija i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij (Theory and practice of archaeological research), 2 (8), 75-81 (in Russian).
Khudyakov, Y. S. 1985. In: Vasilevskiy, R. S. (ed.). Drevnie kultury Mongolii (Ancient cultures of Mongolia). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ., 168-184 (in Russian).
Liu Mau-tsai. 1958. Die chinesischen Nachrichten zur Geschichte der Ost-Türken (T’u-küe). Wiesbaden: О. Harrassowitz, I.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Dmitriev, E., Kukushkin, A., Kukushkin, I.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
