IMAGES of ANIMALS, BIRDS and FISH on SILVER COINS of the BULG ARIAN REGION in the 13th–14th centuries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2021.1.11.145.159Keywords:
archaeology, Golden Horde, Bulgar, 13th –14th centuries, dirham, dang, fraction, silver coin, money circulationAbstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of images on Bulgarian silver coins for their more accurate attribution. Based on previously published information about the finds of treasures and single coins in the Middle Volga region, information is given on the
approximate time of minting and metrology of each type. The main sign of coins of this period is the placement of the tamga of Mengu-Timur. The author divides all known dirhams by the nature of the images into four blocks: 1) legends in Turkic, Arabic and Persian in Arabic and Uighur graphics; 2) containing images of animals, birds and fish; 3) containing the image of a person; 4) containing different types of ornaments. The article considers groups with the image of animals, where types with a lion, horse, hare, donkey are distinguished (9 types in total), a group with birds – with a swan, with a two-headed bird, with three flying birds (9 types) and a group with fish – separately with one, two and three fish (4 types). From the analysis of weight parameters, the author concludes that the coins considered were minted with a face value of 5 dangs (with a specified weight of 1.56 g), 4½ dangs (1.39 g) and 1½ dangs (0.46 g). These disequilibrium dirhams and their fractions constituted a system of denominations that formed in 1266–1272.
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