STUDYING of the PECULIARITIES of the FARMING of the POPULATION of the MEDIEVAL KULTOBE SITE: according to archaeozoological analysis (2020–2021)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2021.3.13.108.133Keywords:
archaeology, Turkestan region, medieval settlement of Kultobe, archaeozoology, osteology, osteometry, medieval fauna, cattle breeding, diet, ritualsAbstract
The article analyzes the results of the conducted archeozoological studies, based on materials collected during the archaeological excavations of the medieval settlement of Kultobe during the period from 2020 to 2021. The osteological material was studied and grouped by animal species, skeletal elements and age characteristics. 3815 bones were studied, of which 3197 bones were determined. The remains of small cattle make up 62,4%, cattle – 17,1%, horses – 15,6%. The bones of camel, donkey, dog, kulan, saiga, argali and birds were found. The role of hunting in the economy of the inhabitants of the settlement was insignificant. During the morphometric analysis of animal bones, it was found that a number of animals have anatomical features. Among the osteological materials, a large number (more than 800) of shoulder blades were identified, and all of them belonged to small cattle. The shoulder blades of this species were found on several objects in a grouped form and, for the most part, traces of “cuts” and “punctures” were preserved on them. The mass discovery of the scapular bones of small cattle is associated with the rite of “divination on the scapula”. The excavated objects date back to the XVIII–XIX centuries. In the Russian archeozoological science, osteological materials from the cultural layers of monuments dating from such a late time were not previously considered. The study of osteological materials found at the Kultobe settlement is relevant in determining the dynamics of the growth of the number of animals in the economy of the population of the Turkestan region, anatomical features and rituals associated with animal bones.
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