NATURAL and CLIMATIC FACTORS of SOUTH KAZAKHSTAN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT in the MIDDLE AGES

Abstract

In the Syr Darya river basin in Southern Kazakhstan, a large number of archaeological sites are known, indicating the development of agriculture in this territory in the historical past. The study of geomorphology, the geological structure of this vast territory and the reconstruction of the paleoclimate on the basis of a palynological analysis of Holocene deposits of numerous tortkuls, rabats and settlements of South Kazakhstan made it possible to establish the existence of a favorable climate for the development of agriculture and horticulture. Palynological studies made it possible to distinguish relatively wetter and cooler periods during which desert vegetation steppificated, floodplain forests expanded, river floodplains expanded, springs and wells were watered. Geomorphologically different areas along the Syr Darya River have been identified and characterized. The stages of change of peculiarities of economic development of this territory are shown.