Серектас-2 – зимовка скотоводов переходного периода от финальной бронзы к раннему железу (Жетысу)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2024.2.24.174.197Ключевые слова:
археология, Серектас-2, переходный период, трасология, археозоология, керамика, типологияАннотация
В статье представлен обзор археологических материалов и методов, используемых для анализа костяных и каменных орудий труда, керамики и костей животных, происходящих из поселения конца II — начала I тыс. до н.э. в Жетысу (Семиречье). На основе ряда наблюдений описана технология изготовления, и даны функциональные характеристики артефактов. Подробно изложены принципы классификации керамики. В ходе археозоологического исследования установлен таксономический состав домашней и дикой фауны, оценены возрастные и экстерьерные особенности, соотношение элементов скелета и сезон гибели животных. Исследовано 1638 костей животных, из которых 1259 костей определены до вида. Среди остеологических остатков преобладают образцы от домашних животных (74.2%), встречены кости диких млекопитающих (22.6%) и пресмыкающихся (3.2%). В обоих культурных слоях в выборке домашних копытных преобладают кости МРС (63.9%), на втором месте – кости лошади (24.3%), на третьем – КРС (11.3%). В малом количестве выявлены кости собаки и верблюда. Анализ материала показывает, что овец забивали преимущественно в возрасте от 2-х до 4-х лет, а лошадей – от 5-ти до 15-ти лет.
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