Скотоводческое хозяйство населения эпохи бронзы Северного Казахстана
(по материалам поселения Шагалалы ІІ)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2023.4.22.212.242Ключевые слова:
археология, архезооология, Северный Казахстан, эпоха бронзы, поселение Шагалалы ІІАннотация
Впервые в научный оборот вводятся результаты археозоологического анализа остеологических материалов поселения Шагалалы ІІ. Целью исследования является определение и сравнительный анализ видового состава животных в хозяйстве населения эпохи бронзы Северного Казахстана. В ходе работ установлен видовой состав домашней и промысловой палеофауны, оценены возрастные и экстерьерные характеристики скота. Исследована 2351 кость животных, из которых 1883 кости определены до вида. Среди остеологических остатков преобладают домашние животные (77,9%), также встречены кости диких млекопитающих (2,2%) и птиц. Среди домашних животных доля мелкого рогатого скота составляет 46,9%. На втором месте – кости крупного рогатого скота (42,9%), на третьем – лошади (8,1%). В малом количестве выявлены кости собаки и верблюда-бактриана. Структура костного материала и степень его раздроблености показывает, что овец забивали преимущественно в возрасте от 2-х до 4-х лет, а крупный рогатый скот – в возрасте от 2,5 лет. Большинство особей лошади забито в зрелом и старшем возрасте. Домашних животных забивали и разделывали на территории поселения. Результаты археозоологического исследования служат источником информации о животноводстве у населения бронзового века региона.
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Author's field researches
Uakhitov Shokan. Born in 1992. Pavlodar region, Sharbaktinsky district, Malinovka village. A cattleman with 15 years of experience.
Abdrakhmanov Meiram. Born in 1981. Karaganda region, Shetsky district, Akkiyak village. The manager of the farm "Adilet". Cattle breeder with 25 years of experience.
Zhapparov Arman. Born in 1991. Karaganda region, Shetsky district, Taldy village. A cattleman with 15 years of experience.
Ansagan Hamituly. Born in 1968. Kostanay region. A cattleman with 30 years of experience.
Madiyarov Nurgali. Born in 1981. Zhambyl region, Talas region. Cattle breeder with 25 years of experience.
Baibatshaev Yesen. Born in 1987. Turkestan region, Baydibek district, Shakpak village. Manager of a private peasant farm. A cattleman with 20 years of experience.
Tulbasiev Bauyrzhan. Born in 1987. Turkestan region, Baydibek district, Shakpak village. A cattleman with 15 years of experience.
Turganbek Abdykalykov. Born in 1968. Kyzylorda region, Syrdarya district, Karaozek village. A cattleman with 40 years of experience.
Tengizbayev Anet. Born in 1987. Mangystau region, Mangystau district, Ondy village. A cattleman with 20 years of experience.
Nursapanov Ulan. Born in 1992. Jetusy region, Alakolsky district. A cattleman with 15 years of experience.
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