О становлении археозоологии в Казахстане (к 95-летию со дня рождения Л.А. Макаровой)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2021.4.14.148.169Ключевые слова:
археология, археозоология, Казахстан, Л.А. Макарова, остеология, животноводство, охотаАннотация
В статье рассматривается вклад Лидии Александровны Макаровой в развитие археозоологии Казахстана. Дается краткое описание сведений, касающихся жизни и деятельности исследователя. Л.А. Макарова первая в отечественной археологии занималась изучением костных остатков животных, разрабатывала вопросы о роли животноводства и охоты в древности и средневековье. В данной статье приводится обзор публикаций, посвященных археозоологическим исследованиям специалиста. Работы рассмотрены в хронологическом порядке; проведен сравнительный анализ ряда ее выводов. Археозоологические источники (количество костей, сохранность и т. д.) в работах Л.А. Макаровой сопоставлены с данными, хранящимися в архиве Института археологии им. А.Х. Маргулана. Составлена карта памятников, остеологические материалы которых изучались Л.А. Макаровой. Как территориально, так и хронологически охват исследований масштабен. В числе рассматриваемых памятников – стоянки Караунгир, Виноградовка XIV, датируемые мезолито-неолитическим периодом; стоянки Шалкия 1 и Тельмана – неолит-энеолита; многочисленные поселения и могильники эпохи бронзы – раннего железного века, а также средневековые городища (Отрар, Культобе, Талгар). Научные выводы, сделанные Л.А. Макаровой, анализируются и сопоставляются с последующими исследованиями.
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